Hawaii Log essays

Hawaii Log essays A hole. Just big enough for an adult male to swim through and make it to the other side gasping for air. And it beckoned for my attempt. I would have to hold my breath for, at tops, a minute and a half, and once I was half way in, there was no turning back. About ten feet under water and twelve feet long, this wonder of a tunnel had an eerie darkness to it and yet I had to do it. I had to swim through it. I took my breath and headed down. As I pulled myself through the entrance, I kicked my feet as hard as I could, immediately thinking of the consequences to this mini self-contest I had started against myself. Once around the rigid corner I could see a glimpse of light near the end of the tunnel. It was beautiful, like something you would have seen in a movie or a dream. I finally made it and pushed myself up off the coral exit only to take in something I had lacked for the past minute and fifteen seconds. It was the most exhilarating thing I had ever done. Vacationing Hawaii was an exhilarating experience because it showed me all the beauty I had been missing in my life. My first day at the big island, otherwise known as Hawaii, was catching up day. My family and I had flown nearly twelve hours total to get there, so naturally, we wanted to sleep. It felt great and while resting I began to think of all the cool things we were going to be doing for the next two weeks. My family had always been talking about taking a trip to Hawaii, but I never believed we would. After our day of pure sleep, we set out to take on our first trip into the main city (the size of a town) called Kona. This city had one main road that ran parallel with the ocean; but it had the best of shops and the finest of resorts. Upon entering, my family and I noticed the Kona City Beach Park. This was the main tourist beach in the area, but there was still a very small crowd of people. So we decided to spend the day there. I couldnt believe how clear...

Amusing Ourselves to Death Chapters 1-4 essays

Amusing Ourselves to Death Chapters 1-4 essays The author of Amusing Ourselves to Death, Neil Postman, made the world aware of public discourse in the age of show business. He used the books Brave New World by Aldous Huxley and George Orwells 1984 as examples of what technology has done to todays youth. Orwells views were that he had a fear of those who would ban books, deprive us of information, and what we hate will ruin us. Huxley on the other hand feared that there would be no reason for banning a book because people would chose not to read and believed that we would be swarmed with information and be reduced to submissiveness and selfishness (Postman vii). Huxley also thought what we loved would ruin us (Postman viii). In this book, Postman tries to prove that maybe Huxley and not Orwell were right (Postman viii). In the U.S. a main point for American spirit would have to be Las Vegas. Its like a symbol of a city devoted to entertainment. Everything in Las Vegas deals with some form of entertainment (Postman 3). Therefore we all move closer to amusing ourselves to death. The least amusing people are those who are professional entertainers (Postman 5). On a show staring Reverend Billy Graham, Reverend Green assured the audience that God loves those who make people laugh (Postman 5). He merely mistook NBC for God. On television, discourse is conducted largely through visual imagery, which is to say that television gives us a conversation in images not words (Postman 7). This book is an investigation into and expression of grief about the most significant American cultural fact of the second half of the twentieth century: the decline of printed works and the superiority of Television (Postman 8). The media of communication available to a culture are a dominant influence on the formation of the cultures intellectual and social concerns. Although culture is a creation of speech, it is recreated by every medium of communication. E...

Marketing Management case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marketing Management - Case Study Example Considering the investigation, Tom Jackson who is the president and the holder of Executive Training Inc (ETI), is concerned in regards to the upward cost that is proportional to $ 400, 000 preceding getting his first client. ETI is an organization that gives showcasing and deals preparing to agrarian organizations, however monetary investigation is pondered respects to the predominating current degree. This proportion constitute of both current stakes and current liabilities. Be that as it may, the degree reflects the amount of times fleeting stakes blanket transient liabilities and is a reasonably correct evidence of an organizations capability to administration its current commitments. A higher number is favored on the grounds that it shows a solid capacity to administration transient commitments. The organization of current possessions is a key element in the assessment of this proportion. Contingent upon the kind of business or industry, current holdings may incorporate moderate moving inventories that could conceivably influence investigation of an organizations liquidity (Keller & Kotler, 2011). In light of how Executive Training Inc business evaluating and also its aggregate deals disclosed, we find that in excess of 17 year the organization had been doing business and its incomes developed from simply $ 100,000 in the first year to $1, 200, 000 at the end of the year 2003. All the more in this way, the issue of preventive interim days ready to go assumes a greater part the extent that monetary part of business is of concern. This degree gages the risk of indebtedness for gurus by figuring the amount of days an organization can work without any money returns while reaching its essential operational expenses. By and large, this number ought to be between 30 to 90 days. ETI on this support have used their assets, deals explanations and calendars

Create a 2015 campaign for Turkish Airlines in Chinese Market Coursework

Create a 2015 campaign for Turkish Airlines in Chinese Market - Coursework Example establish an effective marketing mix and the promotional mix the company needs to establish an effective and efficient market communication strategy (Kola & Akinyele, 2010). Communication is very important for building a sound relationship between the organization and its stakeholders. Marketing communication is considered as a strategic tools and tactics, to get the desired marketing feedback. These strategies support the company to identify the target markets for further expansion of the business to gain market share and high profitability. There are several marketers derive benefits by applying the marketing communication mix. Moreover, marketers will be benefited by the application and adoption of marketing communication, which will be helpful to understand about their competitors (Fill & Jamieson, 2006). In this paper, the objective is to frame a campaign regarding the establishment of Turkish airlines in the Chinese market with the help of marketing communication plans. The Turkish Airliners is one of the renowned airlines of Europe. Most of the times, the Turkish Airlines is known as a Flag Carrier Airlines. The head quarter of the Turkish Airlines is in Istanbul. It was founded in the year 1933 in Turkey. The main aim of the company is to provide cargo services to its customers in the domestic and international base. It provides services in about 41 and 206 domestic and international airports respectively. It is considered world’s fourth largest carrier airlines in terms of serving about 247 destinations to its customers (Turkish Airlines, 2012). As per the ranking is concerned in the year 2014 it is 5th in the airline industry (Skytrax, 2014). Now, the Turkish Airlines is trying to establish its business in the market of China. However, the Turkish airlines are one of the famous airlines of Europe but it did not get the much success in capturing the Chinese market (1Turkish Airlines, 2012). The objective of the study is to project that an effective

Montblanc International GmbH Essay Example for Free

Montblanc International GmbH Essay Introduction of Montblanc International GmbH Montblanc International GmbH was founded in 1906, by a stationery trader Claus-Johannes Voss, a Hamburg banker Alfred Nehemias and the Berlin engineer August Eberstein and is a subsidiary of Compagnie Financiere Richemont- Cartier, Dunhill, Chloe and seven others companies; It is German Manufacturer of writing instruments, jewellery and leather goods. Montblanc International GmbH is a MNC with Singapore based operations This purpose of this report is to analyze on the external forces, environmental and major factors that might affect the business of Montblanc International GmbH locally, functions of management and recommendations in achieving success in the next 5 years. Montblanc’s background The company is in the industry of luxury goods and engages in the development and production of writing instruments. It also offers watches, leather, jewellery, eyewear, and fragrance for men and women. Their products are sold through selected retailers and jewellers and about 360 boutiques in more than 70 countries. â€Å"A century of tradition, efficiency, craftsmanship, heritage, culture, and creativity are the key defining factors of Montblanc, one of the world’s most consistent and successful luxury brands.† (Petcu, 2012) These are key factors which led to the success of Montblanc of today. Mont Blanc makes their pens a symbol of high standards, reputation and class and stands to be one of the topmost companies that produce an extensive range of luxurious accessories such as pens and watches. Some of their pens are collector’s items, guaranteeing a lifetime of high-value purchases and usually is an ideal gift for someone with high authority or studying. Their selling points are quality and nostalgia, men and women who desired a life expensive luxury and creativity and talent. They target professional and people who wanted to be seen as a professional by selling their products at a higher price and serial number on every pen they produced to act as an identification of an authentic Montblanc product. Their key products are their fountain pens, with special and limited editions and they have their own customer service and repairs for their products. They do not sell replacement parts and provide 2 year warranty for all products. 4 Environment factors that affects Montblanc 3.1 Changing demographic â€Å"SINGAPORE: The Singapore government is taking a comprehensive look at its population policies in view of the countrys changing demographics.† (Saad, 2012) Changing demographic refers to changes of the population, e.g. age, gender, race employment status and etc. In Singapore, there is an increase in ageing population. With higher employment rate, people are more financially stable as compared to the olden days and are more willing to spend on luxury goods. And as compared to generation X, generation Y are more willing to spend on luxury products and wants to be seen as chic and trendy. Social status plays a important factor to them. Moving from generation X to Y, a new generation Z has emerged, this being the Net Generation. â€Å"Generation Z is highly connected, as many members of this generation have had lifelong use of communications and media technologies such as the World Wide Web, instant messaging, text messaging, MP3 players, mobile phones and YouTube, earning them the nickname digital natives. (Mira, 2012) Thus, Mont Blanc should tap onto the ever-changing world wide net to market their products. 3.2 Lower trade barriers Trade barriers are restrictions induced by government on international trade which will affect the country’s economy. Purchasing power is one of the key factors that affect the company. If the country economy is good, the purchasing power of Singaporean to purchase their products will increase. Instead of just purchasing the cheapest product in the company, buyers can purchase a higher quality product if the economy is doing well. Also if the economy hits inflation, people will think twice about spending money. Lower trade barriers also increase the competition in the market as more competitors of the same industry start swarming into Singapore which will affect the company. Montblanc’s competitve advantage is its well established brand in the world and in Singapore. Competitors will be able to able to copy its products and design, but branding is something that will help Mont Blanc to maintain its competitive edge and increase the barrier of entry to competitors. 3.3 Globalization of production Globalization of production helps to save cost of production as products are split into many parts and produced in countries where labour and production cost are cheaper. Many production has moved their productions to China, however, Montblanc’s products are only produced in Germany. â€Å"The international business environment is forcing many firms to see the entire world as the stage for manufacturing, production, and marketing.† (Gomez-Mejia Balkin, 2012) With increased accessibility and improved telecommunications, moving their production factory to China will help to lower costs. Parts and raw materials can be sourced at other places for cost efficiency. However, quality control must be maintained at all times, regardless of where productions are. 3.4 Technological innovations Today, internet access is almost worldwide and we can’t deny its advantages. According to a research made on internet statistics, there are around 3.7 out of 5.2 millions of the population in Singapore who use Internet and the internet penetration rate in Singapore is 77.2%. (Consultant, 2012) Figure 1- users of internet in Singapore Due to long working hours and increased job demands, more and more working people are finding it difficult to visit our traditional brock and mortar shops. Retail experience still do matter for some, however, online shopping is becoming more popular in Singapore. Mont Blanc, being a trusted brand, will benefit even more from online shopping as people already has a standard expectation of the quality of their products. Currently, in Singapore, people can only shop for Mont Blanc products in their retail outlet or their US online store. However, cost of shipping and longer waiting time might play and important factor too. 2 Majors factors affecting Montblanc 4.1 General business environment General business environments are the factors and conditions such as economic, legal, political, and social circumstances that affect everyone in an industry. Singapore of today is pro-business environment, capable of attracting foreign investments and business entrepreneurs into Singapore. The business environments here are quite stable in terms of political, economic and legal. Singapore government are firm and not corrupted and is strict regarding piracy and copyrights and are providing assistance for people who wanted to start a business. Cases of selling of unauthentic branded products are low in Singapore. 4.2 Economic conditions Fluctuation in interest rates can have an impact on consumer purchasing. When interest rates are high, consumers may be less willing to purchase luxury goods. Higher inflation is normally accompanied by higher prices, so consumers may be less willing to buy luxury goods, If wages dont rise at the same rate of inflation, their spending power will decrease. Figure 2- Inflation rate in Singapore 2011 and 2012 The rate of unemployment can have a major effect on sales too. The more the number of people who are um-employed, the less money that is circulated into the economy through the purchase of goods and services. 4 Management Functions 5.1 Planning and Strategizing Planning is a basic managerial function and is the process of setting goals and objectives for the company and how it will be accomplished. It is important to plan as it set the organization’s objective clear and specific, .e.g. the targeted market of consumer, the image for Montblanc, price of their products, and also the setting of financial and operational budgets various products. The importance of planning is that it reduces risk of uncertainty, facilitates coordination and decision-making. Other than that, it also promotes creativity and allows a basic of control of the organization. To plan for an online store in Singapore, research has to be made in detail on the spending power people on luxury products, segregating into the different market segments and determining which segment has the highest spending expenditures on such luxury products. Forecasting sales by observing sales of other luxury products such as miu miu and prada which has moved into local online stores can help to minimize unnecessary cost in warehousing and manpower. 5.2 Organizing Organizing is arranging the internal structure of the organization, arranging and coordinating to achieve desired success. Organizing helps to organize resources and manpower according to the plan, increasing the effectiveness and efficiency and the success rate of achieving the organization’s goal. Figure 3- Organizing Structure of MontBlanc Montblanc adopted a organization structure which decentralized the organization into 3 divisions and the productions of dfifferent products are from 3 different factories. This structure benefits the organization as the deciding power are decentralized to each of the divisions where the management are more familiar with the culture and economy of the specific countries. Marketing and logistics play an important factor in online stores. Thus, internally, Mont Blanc has to hire a team of experts to push out their online store to the net savvy market. 5.3 Leading Leading helps the management to control and supervise the actions of the staff. This helps them to assist the staff in achieving the companys goals. A leaders influence over employees also affects and is affected by the effectiveness of the organization. The leader may partially determine which rewards are rewarded to achieving task goal accomplishment and choosing the rewards that have the highest value for the employee. â€Å"The key to our success is our people they ensure the company ´s success regardless of their role in the organization. We consider Montblanc ´s development to be the responsibility of everyone in the company.† (Montblanc) Giving bonuses and commissions as rewards are related to sales goals and effective in motivating the employees to achieve the goals. Communication and Interaction between the leader and subordinates are important, knowing their specialties and sending them for further development, matching their skills with the task requiring will increase the employee’s expectation and performance. Being considerate and humble, assigning right tasks, meaning goals and allowing subordinates to involve in the setting of goals and decision making will increase their satisfaction in their work and hence increase the efficiency of the organization. 5.4 Controlling Controlling is the process of examining performance, comparing actual against planned actions, and taking corrective action if necessary. It is important to to examine the performance so as to keep track of the financial status of the organization, whether if they are in the right directions and also allow them to attentive to any changes in the economic that might affect the plan. Recommendation Firstly, as the decrease in the trade barriers, as a General Manager, I suggest that Montblanc should decentralized their source of production and sought for lower cost production in less developed countries such as Thailand, China, Indonesia as their cost of labour and materials are much lower than developed countries. This will help them in saving money on shipment cost and increase the profits of the organization and providing an alternative for them if any problem occurs in their current factories. Constructing a service centre in Singapore will increase the efficiency and reputation. People will only to wait for weeks instead of months. Secondly, due to the rapid evolution of the technology in the Singapore and the increase of demand of online shopping in Singapore, Montblanc should start selling products online to go with trend, creating their personal shopping website that allows consumers in Singapore so that consumers could purchase with just a click instead of going down to the respective boutiques. Thirdly, in terms of demographics, generation Y and Z are more willing to purchase luxury goods; hence Montblanc should introduce a new design/series which is attuned to the needs and wants of the younger generation. This will not only bring in a different feeling and image of Montblanc, it will provide a new market target group for the organization, bringing it to a new level. Other than that, they can try to venture into different industries and provide a larger range of products with its well-known reputation. Lastly, Montblanc is an established brand and thus, the more they should improve the branding of their products as it is a competitative advantage for them. Conclusion In conclusion, Montblanc is affected by environmental and major factors of different countries. Changes of which will determine the success of the organization. Nevertheless, functions of management are a key factors to success as their success depends on their people and with well applied of the functions; When staff are motivated and appreciated, they are more willing to work harder for the company and even contribute ideas to the development of Montblanc. This will definitely bring Montblanc to greater success in its industry Works Cited Consultant, S. S. (2012 Ð ¹Ã ¸Ã » June). Singapore Internet Statistics 2012. Retrieved 2012 Ð ¹Ã ¸Ã » 07-October from LarryLim: http://www.larrylim.net/singapore-internet-usage-statistics.htm Gomez-Mejia, L. R., Balkin, D. B. (2012). Mangement- People| Performance| changes. In G.-M. Balkin, Mangement- People| Performance| changes (Internation ed., p. 56). United states of America: Pearson Education . Mira. (2012, January 29). Scribd. Retrieved October 08, 2012, from Scribd.com: http://www.scribd.com/doc/79714833/Generation-Z Montblanc. (n.d.). Montblanc management Style. Retrieved 2012 Ð ¹Ã ¸Ã » 08-October from Career: http://world.montblanc.com/3166.php Petcu, O. (2012 Ð ¹Ã ¸Ã » 20-September). Montblanc, the DNA of a true luxury brand. Retrieved 2012 Ð ¹Ã ¸Ã » 07-10 from Business of luxury: http://www.cpp-luxury.com/montblanc-the-dna-of-a-true-luxury-brand/ Saad, I. (2012 Ð ¹Ã ¸Ã » 01-March). Singapores population at demographic turning point. Retrieved 2012 Ð ¹Ã  ¸Ã » 07-October from Channelnewasia.com: ttp://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1186292/1/.html

Gatorade Marketing Essay -- Advertising Sports Drink Beverage

Executive Summary: Gatorade was first formed in the 1960's in Florida. The doctors of the University of Florida noticed that their football players where severely dehydrated in turn the players lacked the performance of the field. After several tests the doctors came up with a carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage that kept the players hydrated since water was not doing the trick. After noticing dramatic success in their teams' record in football, players and coaches wanted Gatorade to be on their sidelines each and every game. After the success in college sports, the Gatorade Company was on the sidelines helping professional athletes such as Michael Jordan. Players from the NBA, NFL and even NASCAR have all chosen to drink Gatorade. Gatorade even took the worldwide stage by introducing the brand to China, Colombia, the Middle East, South Africa and another 75 more countries. Even after all this success and 35 years in business, Gatorade keeps their focus on pro-players, amateur athle tes, or anyone else. Strategic Focus and Plan Mission: The mission of Gatorade is to be the number one in sport drinks. They are trying to increase their distribution of the Gatorade bottle by reaching more channels of distribution, by doing this Gatorade is trying to make the base larger. Gatorade is very successful in achieving their goals of owning the majority of the market share, as they handle approximately 88% of the market shares. They are also trying to give the maximum profit and trust to their shareholders by increasing company's sales and profit. Goals: The first goal Gatorade is trying to achieve is to be the most dominant thirst quencher distributor in the market and eliminate any competition. To increase their means ... ...lass.panam.edu/mana6390/flashreports/FR5B.htm http://www.birnbaumassociates.com/implementing-strategy.htm">http://www.birnbaumassociates.com/implementing-strategy.htm http://www.quakeroats.com/qfb_News/PressRelease.cfm?ID=159">http://www.quakeroats.com/qfb_News/PressRelease.cfm?ID=159 http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=8&did=000000010430650&SrchMode=1&sid=6&Fmt=4&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1066862711&clientId=20368 http://www.kellogg.nwu.edu/faculty/sterntha/htm/module3/9.html http://www.canoe.ca/HealthExtremeCuisine/bevcomparison.html www.quakeroats.com The Quaker Oats Company 2003 Annual Report. The Quaker Oats Company 2002 Annual Report. The Quaker Oats Company 2001 Annual Report. The Quaker Oats Company 2000 Annual Report. The Quaker Oats Company 1999 Annual Report. The Quaker Oats Company 1998 Annual Report.

Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment Essay

Psychoanalytic theory was developed by Sigmend Freud. It is a system in which unconscious motivations are considered to shape normal and abnormal personality development and behavior. Psychoanalysis is commonly used to treat depression and anxiety disorders. Freud’s Psychosexual Theory of Development explains that if there was a conflict in a stage and not resolved that person would be fixated. Carl Jung’s Analytic Psychology is according to the mind or psyche. Alfred Alder’s Individual Psychology is the importance of each person’s perceived niche in society. Freud’s work is now the most heavily cited in all of psychology. Most of Freud’s patients did not need treatment so he resorted to using hypnosis. He used the technique of free association in order to understand the causes of mental and physical problems in his patients. Dreams to him were saw as pieces and hints of unconscious. The problems of inner conflict and tension are found in dreams. There are three structured parts in the mind according to Freud. The three parts are id, ego, and superego. Freud’s and Jung are compared by using unconscious sexuality in their theories. The id, das es in German means the it; it operates according to the demands of the pleasure principle to reduce inner tension. Ego is the Latin word for I. Personality that deals with the real world according to the reality principle to solve real problems. Superego rules over the ego and parts are unconscious, though it constrains our individual actions. Freud looked for meaning in minor connections thoughts and behaviors. Now 100 of years later there are no three levels id, ego, and superego. Freud was correct in concluding that certain parts of the mind are not subject to conscious awareness. His theories opened new approaches to human nature and psychotherapy. Carl Jung theory is divided into three parts just as Freud’s theory is. The three are unconscious, personal unconscious, and collective unconscious. Freud and Carl embody the sense of self for unconscious. Personal unconscious are thoughts and urges that are unimportant at the present. This contains past (retrospective) and future (prospective) material to be compensated to have a balance. Collective unconscious is comprises a deeper level of unconsciousness and is made up of powerful emotional symbols called archetypes. Archetypes are derived from the emotional reactions of our ancestors. Carl Jung was interested in the deepest universal aspects of personality and expanded ideas of the unconscious to include emotionally charged images and expanded ideas of all generations. He also gives the concepts of complexes meaning emotionally charged thoughts and feeling on a particular them. Another thing is he describes personality as being comprised of competing forces pulling against one another to reach equilibrium. Alfred Adler focused on the social world and its identity. Adler and Freud’s differences were in the origin of motivation. Freud theory was based on prime motivations that were built on pleasure and sexuality. Adler’s theory is based on motivations that are more complex. Adler was much more concerned with social conditions and saw the need to take preventive measures to avoid disturbances in personality. He believed personality problems can be avoided by using detailed knowledge about individuals to construct healthier social environment. Personality typology based loosely on Greek notions of the bodily humors. He believed in positive goal oriented and nature of human kind. There are two characteristics that I agree with which are: Jung’s personal unconscious and Alder’s superiority complex. There are two characteristics that I disagree with which are: Freud’s latency stage and Alder’s collective unconscious. Psychosexual Development has five stages: oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, Oedipus complex, Electra complex, latency stage, and genital stage. Oral stage is where we satisfy our hunger and thirst. Anal stage is where we feel relief when defecating. Phallic stage is where adolescents focus on genitals. Oedipus stage is where a young boy wants to kill his father to marry his beloved mother. This is the opposite for girls in the Electra complex. Latency stage is where adolescents focus more on academics and friendships. Genital stage is where marks the beginning of an adult life of normal sexual relations, marriage, and child-rearing. Challenges from the outer environment and from our inner urges threaten us with anxiety; there are three defense mechanisms that I can relate to very well. The three are reaction formation, displacement, and rationalization. The processes that the ego uses to distort reality to protect itself are called defense mechanisms. Reaction formation is the process of pushing away threatening impulses by overemphasizing the opposite in one’s thoughts and actions, e.g. Josephine was a classmate of mine in 2008. A lot of my peers in that year were exposing themselves to be either gay or lesbian. Josephine’s religious and outspoken background made her very judgmental towards her peers. Ultimately, the summer of 2009 being in the spotlight of high school she had a girlfriend. Displacement is the shifting of the target of one’s unconscious fears and desires, e.g. Jason and I get into arguments all the time just as any normal couple. The dishes were not washes like I had asked. For some reason my frustration was at an all-time high. The dog tipped over the trash can in the kitchen and in the bathroom. Not to mention the dog feces in the living. I had enough so I kicked my dog, Charles. Rationalization is a mechanism involving post-hoc logical explanations for behaviors that were actually driven by internal unconscious motives, e.g. I want to move back home so that it will be easier for the baby and I just know it would be so much easier and a better opportunity for me to concentrate on school, but the underlying is that I just want to leave my current home. In conclusion, psychoanalytic theory was developed by Freud. This is a system in which unconscious motivations are considered to shape normal and abnormal personality development and behavior. Both Freud and Jung believed ego played a huge part in personality and the unconscious sexuality. Adler and Freud’s theory differed by the origin of motivation. Freud believes in prime motivations were pleasure and sexuality. Adler believes in human motivations that are more complex. Like Jun Adler believed in the importance of the teleological aspects, or goal-directedness of human nature. Difference in Freud’s and Adler’s philosophies was that Adler was much more concerned with social conditions. He saw the need to take preventive measures to avoid disturbances in personality. In all of these theories helped open new approac hes to human nature and psychotherapy. References Friedman, H. S., & Schustack, M. W. (2011). Personality. Classic Theories and Modern Research (5th ed.). Retrieved from University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.

Night World : Spellbinder Chapter 9

I he shoe was so incongruous that for an instant Thea thought her eyes must be playing tricks on her. It was the atmosphere here-the dim, echoing room with all its macabre booths. If she looked away and then looked back†¦ It was still there. I should wait, I should call somebody. This could be something terrible. There are human authorities; I should at least wait for Eric†¦. Thea found herself moving in dreamlike, slow speed. She took the edge of the oilcloth between finger and thumb and lifted it just an inch or so. There was a leg attached to the shoe. A blue-jeaned leg. Not part of a dummy. And another shoe. Horror and adrenaline washed over Thea. And, strangely, that helped. Her first thought was. It's a person and she may be hurt. She went into emergency mode, slamming a wall between herself and her fear. Hang on, are you okay, just let me see†¦ She pulled the rest of the oilcloth off, tugging to get it free. She saw legs, a body, curled fingers clutching the sleeve of a black-dressed witch dummy†¦ Then she saw the head and she reeled backward, both hands pressed over her mouth. She'd only gotten a glimpse, but the picture was burned into her mind. Blue-gray face, hideously swollen. Grotesquely bulging eyes. Tongue like a sausage protruding from between black lips†¦ Thea's knees gave out. She'd seen the dead before. She'd been to leave-taking ceremonies where the mortal remains of witches were returned to the earth. But those had been natural deaths, and the corpses had been peaceful. While this†¦ I think it was a boy. It had short hair and a flat chest. But there was no way to recognize the face. It was so distorted-didn't even look human†¦. He died violently. May his spirit be released; not held here by the need for revenge. Oh, Sekhmet, lion-headed goddess of Egypt; Mistress of Death, Opener of Ways, Sekhmet Who Reduceth to Silence†¦ Her disjointed thoughts were interrupted as sunlight fanned into the room. At the door, Eric shouted, â€Å"I'm back!† Thea stood up. Her legs wanted to cave again. She opened her mouth, but what came out was a whisper. â€Å"Eric-â€Å" He was hurrying toward her. â€Å"What's wrong? Thea?† â€Å"It's somebody dead.† She saw his eyes widen in absolute disbelief-and then he looked past her. He took a step toward the thing on the floor, stopped, crouched, and stared for a second. Then he whirled back and grabbed her as if he could somehow protect her from what he'd seen. â€Å"Don't look at it; don't look over there,† he gasped. â€Å"Oh, God, it's bad.† * â€Å"I know. I saw it.† â€Å"It's bad; it's so bad†¦.† They were both holding on to each other. It was the only safety in this nightmare. â€Å"He's dead. That guy is dead,† Eric said. It was obvious, but Thea understood the need to babble. â€Å"There's nothing we can do for him. Oh, God, Thea, I think it's Kevin Imamura.† â€Å"Kevin?† Black dots danced in front of Thea's eyes. â€Å"No, it can't be-â€Å" â€Å"I've seen him wearing that shirt before. And the hair†¦ And he's on the committee to decorate this place. He must have been setting up that dummy.† Thea's mind showed her a terrible picture. A crusted dark line on that bloated face-like the wound made by a slashing razor. And the soft black hair†¦ Yes, it could have been Kevin. And that meant- Blaise. â€Å"Come on,† Eric was saying, his voice dazed and quenched. â€Å"We've got to tell the office.† Numbly, Thea let him guide her. Her mind was in another place. Blaise. Did Blaise know†¦ could Blaise have†¦ She didn't want to form the thought even to herself, but she couldn't help it. †¦ finally gone all the way? Not just spilled blood, but taken a life? It was forbidden to witches. But the Harmans were part lamia, and vampires sometimes killed for power. Could Blaise have gone that far into the darkness? After they got to the office, things happened fast, but Thea couldn't really take it in. Activity whirled around her. The secretaries. The principal. The police. She was grateful for Eric, who kept telling the story over and over so she didn't have to. I need to find Blaise. They were back at the gym. The police were cordoning off the whole building with yellow tape. A throng of students and teachers was watching. Thea's eyes skimmed the crowd, but she didn't see Blaise anywhere. Voices rose around her. â€Å"I heard it was Kevin Imamura.† â€Å"Somebody said that guy from the dance came back and got him.† â€Å"Eric! Eric, did you really see him?† Then one voice outshouted the others. â€Å"Hey, Mrs. Cheng, what about the Halloween party? Is the gym gonna be open by then?† The principal, who had been huddled with a couple of police officers, turned around. Black hair riffling over her forehead in the breeze, she addressed the entire crowd. â€Å"I don't know what is going to happen with the gym. There's been a tragedy, and now there's going to be an investigation. We'll just have to wait and see what comes of that. Now, I want everybody to go back to their classes. Teachers, please take your students back to your classrooms.† â€Å"I can't go back,† Thea whispered. She and Eric were standing at a little distance from the thinning crowd. Everyone seemed to have forgotten about them. â€Å"I'll take you home,† Eric said immediately. â€Å"No-I need to find Blaise. I have some things to ask her.† She tried to make her stupefied brain work. â€Å"Eric, I should have told you this before. You've got to be careful.† â€Å"Of what?† â€Å"Of Blaise.† He looked incredulous. â€Å"Thea†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He glanced at the old gym. â€Å"You can't think she had anything to do with-what happened to Kevin.† â€Å"I don't know. She could have had somebody do it-or made him do it himself.† Thea kept her voice low. She looked straight into Eric's face, willing him to believe her. â€Å"Eric, I know you don't understand, but it's like I told you before. She's like Aphrodite. Or Medea. She laughs when she destroys things. Especially when she gets mad†¦ and she's mad at you.† â€Å"Why?† â€Å"Because you picked me instead of her-because I like you-lots of things. That doesn't matter. The point is that she may come after you. She may try to†¦ seduce you. And†-Thea glanced at the bobbing yellow tape surrounding the old gym-â€Å"she may try to hurt you. So will you just be careful if you see her? Will you promise me that?† Eric looked windblown and bewildered, but he nodded slowly. â€Å"I promise.† â€Å"Then I'll see you later. We still have things to talk about-but I have to find Blaise first.† She walked toward the crowd, leaving Eric standing there in the wind. She knew he was watching her. . A waving hand caught Thea's eye. It was Dani, her face full of sympathy and concern. â€Å"Thea, are you all right?† â€Å"Sort of.† Thea gave a laugh she didn't recognize. â€Å"Have you seen Blaise around?† Dani's soft little hand crept into hers. â€Å"She and Vivienne went home-I mean, to your place. I'll go back with you, if you want. You shouldn't be alone.† Thea squeezed her hand. â€Å"Thanks. I'd appreciate it.† She was grateful-and relieved that Dani didn't hate her. â€Å"Dani-about the way I acted earlier†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Forget it. I don't know what I said, but I didn't mean to make you mad.† She added gently, â€Å"Thea, are you really okay? Really? Because I don't want to upset you more†¦.† â€Å"Why?† And then: â€Å"What, Dani?† â€Å"Your grandma's sick. That's why Blaise and Vivienne went home-Vivienne's mom paged her. She's a healer-Vivienne's mom, I mean-and I think she's taking your grandma to her house.† Thea was disturbed. Gran hadn't moved to Las Vegas for the same reason other Night People did. Lamia and made vampires came because so many of the humans here were transients-the kind that wouldn't be missed if they disappeared. Other witches came because of the power vortexes in the desert. But Gran had come because of the warm, dry climate. Her lungs had been bad since she was a kid. Please don't let it be serious, Thea kept thinking as Dani drove her home. She felt as if her skin had been rubbed too thin all over her body. When they got to the shop, Gran was already gone. Tobias and Vivienne were downstairs. â€Å"Is she okay?† Thea asked. â€Å"Is it something bad?† â€Å"Not too bad,† Tobias said. â€Å"She just kept getting dizzy today, and then she had a coughing fit and couldn't stop. She finally decided maybe she'd better get somebody to sing it out. So she called Ms. Morrigan.† Oh, great-chanting. Just what Gran loved. But she must have been really sick to ask to have it done. â€Å"Can I call her?† â€Å"I wouldn't,† Vivienne put in. Her green eyes were kind, her voice reassuring. â€Å"I'm sure Mom's working on her by now, and when she does a singing, it takes all night. You shouldn't disturb them. But don't worry, Thea-my mom's really good.† â€Å"Yes-it's not that I'm worried about.† Thea looked around distractedly, finally coming back to Vivienne's face. â€Å"Did you hear about what happened at school?† â€Å"No.† Vivienne looked mildly curious. â€Å"What happened?† Instead of answering, Thea said, â€Å"Where's Blaise?† â€Å"Upstairs packing. She's going to stay overnight at ray house. You can come, too-Thea?† Thea was already racing up the stairs. She burst into the bedroom she and Blaise shared. Blaise had a small suitcase open on her bed. Thea didn't waste words. â€Å"Did you kill Kevin Imamura?† Blaise dropped a black silk teddy. â€Å"Did I what? What are you talking about?† â€Å"He's dead.† â€Å"And you thought I did it? Thanks a lot, but it's not him I want to kill.† Blaise narrowed her eyes and Thea felt cold. Then she tilted her head. â€Å"So how did he die?† â€Å"He was strangled. Somebody murdered him.† Blaise just raised her eyebrows and murmured, â€Å"Hm. I wonder where Randy is?† She held a shirt up, considered it, and added, â€Å"Do you want to come stay at Viv's with me? It's better than staying here by yourself.† â€Å"I don't know. Do I have to watch you to make sure Eric doesn't end up like Kevin?† Blaise gave her a scorching look. â€Å"When I go after a boy, I get him first. I don't strangle him before the fun begins.† She slammed her suitcase closed and stalked out. Thea sat on the bed. In spite of her sharp words, Thea now knew Blaise hadn't done it. Her cousin had been genuinely surprised. And Randy? I suppose it could have been, if he somehow got out of wherever they've taken him. He had a reason to hate Kevin. But†¦ The alternate explanation slid into place so quickly that Thea realized it must have been in her mind all along. The spirit. She sat there for an endless time, trying to think. It was like trying to find her way through a thick fog. Gran's gone†¦ and if she's sick I can't bother her anyway†¦ of course, Blaise won't help†¦ but I need to trust somebody†¦. Dani gently pushed the door open. â€Å"Can I come in?† When Thea nodded, she walked in and sat down on Blaise's bed. â€Å"They left. I told Tobias to go too-he had a girlfriend he wanted to see. I'll stay here tonight, if you want.† Thea took a shaky breath. â€Å"Thanks, Dani.† â€Å"Look, Thea, I don't want to pry, but†¦ are you okay? I mean, you're as pale as a corpse-† Dani bit her lip. â€Å"Sorry, bad choice of words. But I am your friend, and if there's anything I can do, I'd like to help.† Another breath. Then Thea made her decision. â€Å"I worked a forbidden spell.† Dani looked shocked, but not appalled. â€Å"Which one?† â€Å"Calling back the spirits.† When Dani didn't scream or faint, Thea told the whole story. All about her summoning-everything except why she'd been doing it. â€Å"And now I'm scared,† she finished. â€Å"I let something out yesterday, and today Kevin gets murdered. Blaise didn't kill him. She thinks Randy may be involved, but†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Thea shook her head. â€Å"But, Thea, be logical. Why should it have anything to do with your spell?† Dani's rational voice was soothing. â€Å"You let someone out, not something. The elders summon the ancestors all the time without anything bad happening. You just feel guilty because you know you weren't supposed to be doing it.† â€Å"No. Dani, I can't explain it, but the thing I let out-it wasn't friendly. It knocked Blaise and me down. None of the spirits I saw the elders summon ever did that.† â€Å"Well†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Dani looked doubtful. â€Å"But why would one of the ancestors went to murder a human?† â€Å"I don't know.† Somehow talking about it had cleared Thea's mind. She said slowly, â€Å"But†¦ maybe the book would tell us.† Ten minutes later, they were sitting side by side on Thea's bed, with the iron chest on the floor and the book between them. â€Å"First, could you tell anything about the amulet that fell in the fire?† Dani asked in scientific tones. â€Å"Like, if the hair was gray, it could mean-â€Å" â€Å"The witch was old.† Thea caught on immediately. â€Å"No, it wasn't gray or white. It was dark-sort of like mahogany.† She closed her eyes, trying to remember. â€Å"It all happened so fast-but I think it was long. It was doubled up lots of times in the clay.† â€Å"So maybe a woman.† â€Å"Yes.† Thea read for several minutes. â€Å"Wait a minute. Look at this.† † ‘Suzanne Blanchet,' † Dani read with difficulty. † ‘Bom sixteen thirty-four in Esgavans on the day that they made bonfires for the peace between France and Spain. Tried sixteen fifty-three at Ron-chain, prisoner at the court of Rieux.' â€Å" â€Å"And listen to the charges,† Thea said grimly. † ‘Bewitching men's corn, killing cattle, bringing hunger into the country, and strangling babies at night with her long hair.' â€Å" â€Å"Strangling,† Dani breathed. â€Å"She denied it, so they tortured her. Listen: ‘Being a little stretched on the rack, she screamed ceaselessly that she was not a witch, but being more tightly stretched, said that it was true.' â€Å" â€Å"And then they tortured her family,† Dani said, her finger skimming the lines. â€Å"Oh, Isis, look at this. She had a ten-year-old brother named Clement and a six-year-old sister named Lucienne. They tortured them both.† â€Å"And burned them.† Thea had begun to tremble involuntarily. The room wasn't cold, but she had a feeling like ice deep inside her. â€Å"Look. ‘The children having been promised the mercy of being strangled before burning, but the executioner not having been paid, they were committed alive to the flames†¦'.† She couldn't finish. † ‘†¦ before the eyes of their sister,' † Dani whispered. She was shaking, too, and huddling close to Thea. â€Å"How could they do that?† â€Å"I don't know,† Thea said flatly. â€Å"I mean, no wonder Night World laws are so strict. No wonder we have to keep ourselves a secret-look at what they do to us when they find out.† | Thea swallowed-she didn't want to think about Night World rules. â€Å"And then they burned Suzanne,† she said quietly, keeping her eyes on the book. † ‘Being consigned to the fire, she uttered several exclamations, crying out upon revenge.' â€Å" â€Å"I would too,† Dani said, her soft voice threaded with steel. â€Å"I'd come back and kill them.† She stopped and she and Thea looked at each other. â€Å"And maybe that's just what she did,† Thea said slowly. â€Å"Only she couldn't get to her torturers. But she found something that looked similar-a reproduction torture chamber. And there was Kevin, doing something to a witch dummy-hanging it, maybe. Maybe treating it in some way that reminded her of†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Thea nodded toward the book. â€Å"Anyway, doing something that made her lose it.† â€Å"And kill him. By strangling him-what she'd been accused of doing. Thea?† Dani grimaced, then went on. â€Å"When you saw Kevin's body-was there anything around his neck?† Thea stared at the window curtains, trying to remember. That awful bloated face†¦ the protruding tongue†¦ and dark bruises on the throat. â€Å"No,† she said softly. â€Å"There were marks-but whatever strangled him was gone.† â€Å"She took it with her.† Dani shivered, then put both hands on the book. â€Å"Or maybe not. Look, Thea, this may make a great bonfire story, but, really, it's all speculation.† Thea was staring at the yellowed page beneath Dani's fingers. â€Å"I don't think so,† she said quietly. â€Å"See this symbol by Suzanne Blanchet's name? I recognize it. I saw it for just a second-on the amulet in the fire.† â€Å"You're sure?† Thea looked away. â€Å"Yeah. It's her, Dani. And it's my fault. I let her out†¦ and now she's killing people. Because of me, somebody's dead.† It was only when she said it that the full realization hit-as if forming the words had somehow made it true. Kevin was dead. He wasn't going to school anymore, he wasn't going to get a chance to repair his Porsche. He wouldn't ever smile at a girl again. He'd lost everything a person had to lose. â€Å"And I just-I just feel so bad,† Thea said. The ache in her throat rose up in a sort of spasm, as if she were going to be sick. But what came out was tears. Dani held her while she sobbed. And at last, when Thea was crying more quietly, she said, â€Å"You didn't know. You didn't mean to do anything bad. You were just playing around and it went wrong. You didn't know.† â€Å"It doesn't matter.† Thea wiped her face on her sleeve, sitting up. The ache in her chest was duller now, and she was slowly realizing that something else was there, something that felt hot and bright. A need to act. â€Å"It doesn't matter,† she said again. â€Å"I still made it happen. But I'll tell you one thing-I'm not going to let it keep happening. I've got to stop her. Which means I've got to send her back.† â€Å"I'm with you there,† Dani said, her small jaw set in determination. â€Å"But how?† Thea stared at the wall a moment, then said, â€Å"I have an idea.†

Free Essays on Driving in the Snow

Thesis: Although it can be done, driving in the snow is a dangerous and difficult process. Driving during sever winter weather conditions can be demanding. And how you handle your vehicle in those conditions could be the difference between a safe trip and serious trouble. Not all cars are alike. To become familiar with your vehicle’s winter weather operating characteristics, it is recommended that practicing slow-speed maneuvers on an empty snow or ice-covered parking lot. It is also suggested that the owner should read the owners manual for information on equipment and handling characteristics. The following are things to consider while driving in winter weather conditions. Front, rear, four or all-wheel drive Become familiar with what wheels are given power in your vehicle. Front-wheel-drive vehicles generally handle better than rear-wheel-drive vehicles on slippery roads because the weight of the engine is on the drive wheels. The back end of rear-wheel-drive cars tends to lose traction and slide side-to-side during turns on icy roads because there is little weight on the drive wheels. Many vehicles today are equipped with four, or all-wheel drive, which helps maintain traction in difficult conditions. However, drivers of four-wheel drive vehicles should avoid becoming over confident. Four-wheel-drive does not make the car brake any better. Braking A vehicle’s braking system also determines how motorists should operate their cars in winter weather. Anti-lock braking systems (ABS) provide significant stopping advantages on slick roads, but are only effective if properly used. When stopping a vehicle with ABS in slippery conditions, motorists should apply steady pressure to the brake pedal. The ABS automatically pumps the brakes to keep the wheels from locking up, preventing skids and loss of control. Do not take your foot off the brake pedal if you hear or feel chatter. This means the ABS system is working properly... Free Essays on Driving in the Snow Free Essays on Driving in the Snow Thesis: Although it can be done, driving in the snow is a dangerous and difficult process. Driving during sever winter weather conditions can be demanding. And how you handle your vehicle in those conditions could be the difference between a safe trip and serious trouble. Not all cars are alike. To become familiar with your vehicle’s winter weather operating characteristics, it is recommended that practicing slow-speed maneuvers on an empty snow or ice-covered parking lot. It is also suggested that the owner should read the owners manual for information on equipment and handling characteristics. The following are things to consider while driving in winter weather conditions. Front, rear, four or all-wheel drive Become familiar with what wheels are given power in your vehicle. Front-wheel-drive vehicles generally handle better than rear-wheel-drive vehicles on slippery roads because the weight of the engine is on the drive wheels. The back end of rear-wheel-drive cars tends to lose traction and slide side-to-side during turns on icy roads because there is little weight on the drive wheels. Many vehicles today are equipped with four, or all-wheel drive, which helps maintain traction in difficult conditions. However, drivers of four-wheel drive vehicles should avoid becoming over confident. Four-wheel-drive does not make the car brake any better. Braking A vehicle’s braking system also determines how motorists should operate their cars in winter weather. Anti-lock braking systems (ABS) provide significant stopping advantages on slick roads, but are only effective if properly used. When stopping a vehicle with ABS in slippery conditions, motorists should apply steady pressure to the brake pedal. The ABS automatically pumps the brakes to keep the wheels from locking up, preventing skids and loss of control. Do not take your foot off the brake pedal if you hear or feel chatter. This means the ABS system is working properly...

Argumentative Persuasive Essay Topics

Argumentative Persuasive Essay Topics Argumentative Persuasive Essay Topics Argumentative Persuasive Essay Topics Writing an essay starts with creating a thesis statement.   Then you proceed with collecting information, evidence and premises to support your ideas. You need to understand that it is harder to write arguments then just the premises or conclusions alone. Writing an argument isn't the same as stating the conclusion. Very often students make this mistake while writing an essay. While writing argumentative essay, they present a lot of general information which they consider being an argument. It is more likely that they simply affirm that some ideas are true. They don't present the premises or inferences from which the conclusions derived while writing an essay. Sometimes it happens because they think that arguments seem so clear that they feel they need not write out the details. However, it is mistakable to think that the readers don't want to see the details in your argumentative persuasive essay. Argumentative Essay Writing Traditionally, there are two types of arguments:   deductive and inductive. Deductive arguments give final proof by presenting all the supporting evidence in the essay. The idea is that if the premises are true, then the conclusion must also be true. Deductive process assumes that the conclusion should be followed from the premises. Begin argumentative essay writing with thesis statement and then start writing conclusions. Deductive arguments may be either valid or invalid, it depends on the evidence and the reasoning which you present while writing an essay. An inductive argument is an argument in which the premises are provided to support the conclusion. The conclusions of the inductive arguments are developed by inference. Making inductive arguments writers use words and phrases like 'probably', 'improbably', 'likely' , 'unlikely' , and 'reasonable to conclude' . Inductive arguments are not valid or invalid, but they must be stronger or weaker than other arguments in the essay. Persuasive Essay Writing Persuasive essay writing, as any other kind of essay writing, has the goal to persuade the reader to take writer's point of view. It is not enough to present a valid argument which supports the thesis statement while writing argumentative persuasive essay.   You must also present a counter-argument showing why the opposition's reasoning and arguments are invalid. The counter-argument requires a deep analysis and examination of opposing premises, inferences, and conclusions. The counter-argument is very important, with its help you can convince a reader that your point of view on the subject is the best point of view. Help to Write Argumentative Persuasive Essay If you have started writing your persuasive or argumentative essay, however, you are not sure how to proceed.   If the deadline is approaching and you are stuck on any writing step.   If you are not sure whether the arguments you make are strong or valid enough to persuade the reader.   We offer you our help to write argumentative persuasive essay.   We are experienced in essay writing and we are able to help you with any type of assignments.   delivers only custom written papers!

Deferent Situation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Deferent Situation - Essay Example Whether it is the basic needs or needs with a greater importance on this hierarchy, the needs have to be catered to and only than can a proper relationship be created between the workforce and the management. If one was to analyze the effect of money in terms of its role as a motivating tool, it could be seen that its effect is only short-lived and consistent usage of this tool could only result in dissatisfaction on the behalf of the workforce and an overall negative relationship would be created. The management needs to establish the needs before taking any action as a demotivated workforce can have serious negative effects of the productivity, and work quality. In order to cater to the higher needs along the pyramid such a the need of self-esteem etc, the management would need to make use of non-monetary motivating tools such as words of praise, acknowledgement of work, management by objectives etc which would allow the workforce to feel like an integral part of the company. Answer: 2 This paper would review two important components of power defined as visible and invisible power. Visible power as the words themselves explain is seen as the first face of power and is the vocal part of power itself. It can be evidenced through the participatory behavior in the decision making process and as a result, the decision making can be influenced as well. Having a pluralist sense of power, one is able to observe the effect and activities pertaining to this power as well. The other form of power which this paper would be looking at would be the invisible form of power. It can be defined as that power which allows the decision making bodies to shape the requirement and wants of the people according to their actions and decisions. One is able to observe this sense of power in the social, cultural, ideological values and norms as through our practices we are able to at out this sense of power. While visible power can be observed, that is not the case with this form of power as one s not always able to observe this sense of power. The sources of power are money, intelligence, hard work, information and lastly the position that a person has. The strength of these sources determines the strength f the power itself. The basic two components of power itself; motivation and resources-decide the level of power than an individual has. Those people who take a more hands-on approach and are seen as more active decision makers are usually described as visible power seekers wile those who sit on the sidelines merely observing and guiding the processes are defined as invisible power seekers. Answer 3: Summary diagram: Dioxin Produced Decrease in mercury levels PVCs decrease Greater biological swath Incinerators down b) The article presents a number of stakeholders and all of them have an interest in terms of their own earnings, health or community health. The following stakeholders were identified as having an interest this venture and

Production of EPA by the Diatom Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Production of EPA by the Diatom - Coursework Example The experiment will use the diatom, Nitzschialaevis. Treatments to be used in experiment PI metal solution (Cepà ¡k, PÃ…â„¢ibyl, Kohoutkovà ¡, & KaÃ… ¡tà ¡nek, 2014).   The source of variation in experiment one is the treatment (PI solutions) used in the experiment. A PI solution of 4.5m/L and 3.5m/L used in the experiment will yield different yields in EPA. The treatment used in the experiment will account for the variation in the experiment.   From table 1.1 EPA 13.5ml/l had the highest EPA yield (mean = 219.5) compared to EPA 4.5 (mean=217.2). It implies that PI of the concentration of 13.5ml/l had a higher EPA yield. There was a big disparity yield of PI EPA 13.5ml\l (standard deviation =5.396) compared to EPA 4.5ml/l (standard deviation =3.821) this implies that yield of 13.5 PI was less spread compared to yield in 4.5 PI, which was more spread. It could be assumed to the way the experiment was handled; the time was taken to record the yield in the two experiments. The data of the two experiments were the same, most of the data points were to the left of the mean (skewness, -0.238, and 0.0377). However, the yield of 13.5ml/l was more skewed compared to the yield of 4.5ml/l.   Data of the treatment 4.5ml/l was more reliable to make inferences and conclusions (cv =1.759), compared to data of treatment 13.5ml/l (cv=2.464) which was less reliable to make a justification for the claim.   From the summary statistics, the yield of the two treatments was different this implies that level of PI concentration had a different effect on the diatom Nitzschialaevis (UTEX 2047). Metal PI was therefore important since different concentration yield different results.   Non-parametric test to be used is a chi-square while a parametric test to be used is a t-test. A chi-square test tests for the independence of the samples while a t-test test for the difference on the means of the two samples.